What is the risk of scanning QR codes?

QR codes carry several security risks, but you can scan safely by following basic precautions and understanding common threats.

Primary QR code risks

The main dangers when scanning unknown QR codes:

1. Malicious websites that steal login credentials
2. Malware downloads targeting your device
3. Phishing attacks mimicking legitimate services
4. Unwanted app installations or premium SMS charges
5. Location tracking without your knowledge

Most risks come from malicious actors creating fake QR codes, not the technology itself.

How QR code attacks work

Criminals exploit QR codes through:

• URL spoofing - Codes that look official but redirect to fake sites
• Sticker overlays - Placing malicious codes over legitimate ones
• Social engineering - Fake promotions or urgent messages
• App store redirects - Forcing unwanted downloads

Safe scanning practices

Protect yourself with these habits:

1. Preview URLs before visiting (most scanners show the destination)
2. Verify the source - Only scan codes from trusted entities
3. Check for tampering - Avoid codes with obvious stickers or damage
4. Use official apps for banking, payments, or sensitive accounts
5. Keep software updated to patch security vulnerabilities

Identifying legitimate QR codes

Trustworthy QR codes typically:

• Come from known businesses or organizations
• Use branded materials consistent with the company
• Link to official domains you recognize
• Appear on permanent signage rather than temporary stickers
• Include contact information for verification

What happens when you scan

Understanding the scanning process helps identify risks:

1. Camera reads the QR pattern
2. App decodes the embedded URL or data
3. Preview appears (on most modern devices)
4. You choose whether to proceed
5. Browser opens the destination

Always pause at step 4 to evaluate the destination.

Device-specific protections

Modern smartphones offer built-in safety features:

• iOS devices show URL previews before opening
• Android phones often warn about suspicious links
• Updated browsers block known malicious sites
• Security apps can scan URLs in real-time

Reporting malicious QR codes

If you encounter suspicious QR codes:

1. Don't scan the code
2. Report to authorities (police, business owners)
3. Warn others through social media or community groups
4. Document the location with photos for evidence

Business QR code safety

For businesses using QR codes:

• Use reputable platforms like Linkbreakers
• Monitor your codes for unauthorized overlays
• Educate customers about your official QR code appearance
• Include branding to help users identify legitimate codes

Frequently asked questions

Can QR codes install malware automatically? No. QR codes only contain text or URLs. However, the websites they link to could attempt malware installation, which is why previewing URLs is crucial.

Are QR codes in restaurants safe? Generally yes, especially when printed on official menus or permanently mounted. Be cautious of loose stickers that could be covering legitimate codes.

Should I use my camera app or a dedicated QR scanner? Modern smartphone cameras include QR scanning with URL previews. Dedicated scanner apps may offer additional security features but aren't necessary for basic protection.